ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


WGA


Unit -I Transmission Line Theory

Transmission Line Theory: General theory of Transmission lines - the transmission line - general solution - Waveform distortion - the distortion less line - Loading and different methods of loading - Input and transfer impedance - Open and short circuited lines - reflection factor and reflection loss. Line at High Frequencies: Standing waves and standing wave ratio on a line – One eighth wave line - The quarter wave line and half wave line. Single stub matching and double stub matching.



Unit -II    Guided Waves   

Waves between parallel planes: Transverse electric waves-Transverse magnetic wavesCharacteristic of TE and TM waves-TEM waves. TE waves and TM waves in Rectangular waveguides, TE waves and TM waves in circular waveguides and Microwave cavities. 



Unit -III     Antennas and Arrays    

Introduction to Antenna basics and characteristics, Effective aperture, Friis Transmission formula, general concept of dipole antenna. Radiation resistance of a short dipole and loop antenna, Slot antennas, Babinet’s principle. Arrays: Broadside array, end fire array and Pattern multiplication: Hansen and Woodyard array, Binomial arrays, Dolph-Chebychev arrays. 


            

Unit -IV     Special Antennas           

 Horn antenna, Helical antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, Corner reflectors, Parabolic reflectors, Lens antenna, Omni directional antennas, MIMO antennas, antennas for satellite, antennas for ground penetrating radars, Ultra wide band antennas, plasma antenna. 



Unit -V     Propagation of Radio Waves     

Modes of propagation, Structure of atmosphere, Ground wave propagation, Troposphere propagation, Duct propagation, Troposcatter propagation, Flat earth and Curved earth concept Sky wave propagation – Virtual height, critical frequency, Maximum usable frequency – Skip distance, Fading, Multi hop propagation.